Articles – The Consortium on Electoral Democracy/Consortium de la démocratie électorale

Note: All publications rely in part or fully on data collected through the C-Dem network. Bold names are C-Dem PI, CI, Collaborator, AC member or partner organizations; students affiliated with C-Dem during period under review are underlined; PDFs are starred (*).

Abou-El-Kheir, E. (2026). The political affiliations of Arab Canadians: Between multiculturalism and religion. Ethnicities, 0(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/14687968261434192
Afodjo, N. (2026). Candidate confirmation timing and voter preferences in Canadian federal elections. Electoral Studies, 101, 103069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2026.103069
Béland, D., Graefe, P., and Jacques, O. (2026). Explaining Social Policy Expansion: The Curious Case of the Justin Trudeau Era in Canada. Social Policy & Administration, 60(3), 572–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.70023
Boucher, J.-C., Duval-Lantoine, C., Gouliquer, L., and Saideman, S. M. (2026). Mistrusted to Serve? Discrimination in the Military and Its Impact on Public Support. Armed Forces & Society, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X261437281
Chan, K. M.*, and Stephenson, L. B. (2026). Perceived Democraticness of Parties From Citizens’ Perspectives: Evidence From Canada. Political Studies, 74(1), 398–414. https://doi.org/10.1177/00323217251324025
Daoust, J.-F., and Gareau-Paquette, T. (2026). De plus en plus inquiets : qui sont les Québécois qui considèrent le français comme menacé et quelles en sont les conséquences électorales? Revue canadienne de science politique / Canadian Journal of Political Science, 59, 61–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423925100942
Dias, N., Lucas, J., and Sheffer, L. (2026). Beyond the mean: how thinking about the distribution of public opinions reduces politicians’ perceptual errors. Political Science Research and Methods, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2025.10069
Garnett, H. A., Leuprecht, C., & Caal-Lam, S. (2026). Officers and civilians: A civil–military gap in Canadian national security? A research note. Armed Forces & Society, 52(2), 774–802. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095327X251331545
Snagovsky, F., Wesley, J., and Walker, E. (2026). Understanding Political Culture and Behaviour through Longitudinal Data in Alberta. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 59(1), 182–194. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423925100656
Tan, V. (2026). How Xenophobia Shapes Political Party Support: Evidence from COVID-19 in Canada. Race and Social Problems, 18:9, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-025-09480-y
Vargas, T. R., and Dion, M. L. (2026). The Political Preferences of Prospective Homeowners: Evidence from Canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423926101036.
Williamson, M.*, Lee, A. H.-Y.*, Rubenson, D., Srbinovska, I., Sumantry, D., Davids, J., Maulucci, A., and Kisin, K. (2026). Election outcomes and social trust in polarized times. Electoral Studies, 101, 103082. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2026.103082
Albaugh, Q. M., Harell, A., Loewen, P. J., Rubenson, D., & Stephenson, L. B. (2025). “From Gender Gap to Gender Gaps: Bringing Nonbinary People into Political Behavior Research”. Perspectives on Politics, 23(1), 286–304. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1537592724000975
Albaugh*, Q., Harell, A, Loewen, P.J., Rubenson, D. and Stephenson, L.B. (2025). Measuring Non-Binary Gender Identity in Online Surveys: Evidence from Two National Election Studies. Political Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096525000137
Alcantara, C., Harell, A., Stephenson, L. B., Payler, M. (2025). “Determinants of Attitudes Toward Reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples”. The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2025.30
Bélanger, É., Mongrain, P., Gareau-Paquette, T., & Mahéo, V.-A. (2025). “A Party that Went Viral? The Drivers of Support for the Parti Conservateur du Québec in the 2022 Election”. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423924000829
Habibov, N., and Auchynnikava, A. (2025). How Do the Components of Social Capital Reduce COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy? Lessons From a Canadian National Survey. World Medical & Health Policy, 17, 870–882. https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fwmh3.70045
Hanniman, K., Jacques, O., Matthews, J. S., Abbott, C., and Goodyear-Grant, E. (2025). When partisanship and technocratic credibility collide: mass attitudes and central bank endorsements of fiscal policy in Canada and the USA. Socio-Economic Review, 23(4), 2319–2337. https://doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwae078
Harell, A., and Bloemraad, I. (2025). The Control Conditions in our Heads: Leveraging Open-Ended Questions for Experimental Studies of Prejudice. Canadian Ethnic Studies / Études ethniques au Canada, 57(3), 77–102. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2025.a989106
Jung, S., Harell, A., Breidahl, K. N., & Stephenson, L. B. (2025). “Race, Citizenship/Immigration Status, and Contact with the Welfare State”. The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2024.31
Lawlor, A., and Stephenson, L. B. (2025). Affective Polarization and Institutional Confidence in Canada. International Political Science Review, advance online publication, December 26. https://doi.org/10.1177/01925121251388296
Liang, B.*, and Harell, A. (2025). Understanding the Electoral Participation Gap: A Study of Racialized Minorities in Canada. Politics and Governance, 13, Article 9377. https://doi.org/10.17645/pag.9377
Lucas, J., Romualdi, T., Armstrong II, D. A., and Goodyear-Grant, E. (2025). Demographic Divides in Canadian Voting, 1945–2023: The Canadian Vote Intention Dataset. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 58(3), 666–680. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423925000241
Mosannef, D., Alcantara, C., Stephenson, L. B., and Sayers, A. M. (2025). Do Men and Women Differ in their Political Knowledge about Policy Responsibilities across Levels of Government? Canadian Journal of Political Science, 58(3), 716–729. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423925000137
Polacko, M.* (2025). Canada’s Increasing Class-Based Voting Disparities Amidst Declining Economic Policy Saliency. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 58, 821–847. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423925100462
Polacko, M.*, Graefe, P., and Kiss, S. (2025). Revisiting the Sectoral Cleavage in Canada: Evidence From the Canadian Election Studies. Canadian Review of Sociology / Revue canadienne de sociologie, 63, e70014. https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.70014
Van Wolleghem, P. G. (2025). Resettlement vs. spontaneous applications: Canadians’ attitudes to asylum policy in a comparative perspective. Journal of Refugee Studies, 38(1), 131–150. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaf010
Wesley, J. J., and Boyd, B. (2025). Populism and Trust in the Public Service in Canada. Governance, 38, e70045. doi: 10.1111%2Fgove.70045 https://doi-org.proxy1.lib.uwo.ca/10.1111/gove.70045
Anderson, C. D., Romualdi, T., Lucas, J. et McGregor, R. M. (2024). “Don’t worry, be happy (and the vote out the incumbent): economic anxiety and incumbent support”. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 1‑25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2024.2349539
Bloemraad, I., Harell, A., & Fraser, N. A. R. (2024). “Categorical Inequalities and Canadian Attitudes toward Positive and Negative Rights.” Canadian Journal of Political Science. Published online 2024: 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423924000076
Bouchard*, J., and Bourgeois, S. (2024). An Unheard Confidence Crisis? An Analysis of Indigenous Peoples’ Perception of Settler Institutions and Politics. Representation, 60(4), 559–581. https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2023.2265930
Boyd, B., and Wesley, J. (2024). Moving Toward a Government Trust Ecosystem in Canada. American Review of Canadian Studies, 54(4), 388–406. https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2024.2435195
Chan, K.M., & Stephenson, L. B. (2024). “Using MI-LASSO to Study Populist Radical Right Voting in Times of Pandemic.” Research & Politics, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/20531680241228358
Daoust, J.-F., Guévremont, M., and Blais, A. (2024). The (non)-religious voter in Canadian elections. Electoral Studies, 90, 102812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102812
Djontu, B. L., & Charbonneau, É. (2024). “Should the Canadian Public Service Worry about the Polarization in the Perceptions of Social Problems?” Canadian Public Administration: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1111/capa.12560.
Gareau-Paquette, T., Léal, A., Leblanc, J., Taylor, M., Vandewalle, V., & Dassonneville, R. (2024). “Voting for Women in Recent Canadian Elections.” French Politics, 22: 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41253-024-00236-5.
Girard, T. (2024). National Identity and the Limits of Platform Power in the Global Economy. International Studies Quarterly, 68(3), sqae090. https://doi.org/10.1093/isq/sqae090
Lachance, S., & Beauvais, E. (2024). “Group-Based Affect and the Canadian Party System.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 57(1):1-18. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423923000719.
Mahéo, V. A., & Bélanger, É. (2024). “Les courants nationalistes à l’épreuve des générations: analyses des attitudes et choix de vote des Québécois.es de 2007 à 2022.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423924000106.
Pereira, A., Stephenson, L.B. and Turgeon, M. (2024). Loyalties and Interests: How Political Motivations Influence Voters’ Responses to Scandals. Electoral Studies, 89, Article 102792. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2024.102792
Polacko, M., Graefe, P., & Kiss, S. (2024). “Subjective Economic Insecurity and Attitudes Toward Immigration and Feminists, Among Voters on the Right in Canada.” Social Science Quarterly, 105(2): 281-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.13336.
Routley, S., & Armstrong, D. A. (2024). “The Effects of Personality Traits, Environmental Attitudes, and Demographic Factors on Green Party Support in Canada”. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 57(3), 626–640. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423924000258
Wu, C., and Wang, R. (2024). Ethnicity and Trust: How Trustful are Chinese Canadians? Canadian Ethnic Studies / Études ethniques au Canada, 56(2), 177–201. https://doi.org/10.1353/ces.2024.a934428
Wu, C., and Dawson, A. (2024). The Trump Effect? Right-Wing Populism and Distrust in Voting by Mail in Canada. Public Opinion Quarterly, 88(Special Issue), 781–813. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfae020
Yang, Y., and Hopkins, V. (2024). Does Administrative Burden Influence Support for a Low-Income Child Care Supplement? Evidence from a Survey Experiment. Canadian Journal of Political Science, 57(4), 899–912. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423924000350
Blanchard, M. (2023). “Reassessing Provincial Political Cultures: Evidence from Five Decades of Canadian Public Opinion Surveys (1974-2019).” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 56(2): 279-299. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423923000124.
Boyd, B. (2023). “Seen but not Partisan: Changing Expectations of Public Servants in Westminster Systems.” International Reviews of Administrative Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1177/00208523231219926.
Coulombe, M. (2023). “Does it Matter Whether People Will Know That I Did Not Vote? The Role of Social Norms and Visibility.” Electoral Studies, 81, 102579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102579.
Daoust, J. F., & Gareau-Paquette, T. (2023). “Is Quebec Independence still Key in Making Sense of Canadian Election? A Longitudinal Analysis (2000-2021).” Regional and Federal Studies. 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2023.2233422.
Duval, D., & Pétry, F. (2023). “Citizens’ awareness of electoral campaign pledges”. Party Politics, 30(6), 1112-1125. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688231199976
Embree, R., & Westlake, D. (2023). “New Voters and Old Voters: Understanding Volatility in Quebecers’ Federal Election Votes between 2008 and 2019.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 56(1): 49-71. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423922000932.
Erl, C., McGregor, R. M., Lucas, J., and Anderson, C. D. (2023). Resentment and Admiration: Public Opinion Toward Teachers and Public Sector Employees in Ontario. Canadian Journal of Education / Revue canadienne de l’éducation, 46(3), 597–627. https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.5857
French*, L., Harell, A. and Stephenson, L.B. (2023). Always a Bridesmaid: A Machine Learning Approach to Minor Party Identity in Multi-Party Systems. Statistics, Politics, and Policy, 14(1), 91–112. https://doi.org/10.1515/spp-2022-0009 (edited).
Garnett, H.A., Bordeleau, J-N., Stephenson, L.B. and Harell, A. (2023). Contagious Elections: The Influence of COVID-19 on Comfort in Voting in Canadian Provincial Elections. Election Law Journal, 22(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1089/elj.2022.0062.
Hale, I. (2023). “Racial Attitudes and Vote Choice in National Canadian Elections”. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 56(3): 656-680. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423923000367.
Johnston, R. (2023). “Affective Polarization in the Canadian Party System, 1988-2021.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 56(2): 372-395. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423923000112.
Kiss, S., M. Polacko* and P. Graefe. (2023) The Education and Income Voting Divides in Canada and Their Consequences for Redistributive Politics. Electoral Studies 85, 102648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102648.
LeDuc, L., Pammett, J. H., & Clarke, H. D. (2023). “Populism in Canada: Something Old, Something New.” Electoral Studies, 86: 102711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2023.102711.
Lee*, A.H., Harell, A., Stephenson, L.B., Rubenson, D. and Loewen, P.J. (2023) Motivated to Forgive? Partisan Scandals and Party Supporters. Political Psychology. 44(4): 729-747. http://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12882.
Legault-Leclair, J., & Wilkins-Laflamme, S. (2023). “The Many Facets of Negative Public Opinion towards Muslims.” Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses, 52(4): 575-600. https://doi.org/10.1177/00084298221149695.
Lucas, J. & Sheffer, L. (2023). “What Explains Elite Affective Polarization? Evidence From Canadian Politicians.” Political Psychology. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/5jgrv.
Polacko*, M. and Harell, A. (2023) Racial Discrimination at the Polls? The Canadian Case of Jagmeet Singh. Political Behavior. https://doi.org/10.1080/21565503.2023.2251651.
Rancourt, M. A., Déry, A., Poirier, W., & Dufresne, Y. (2023). “Down with the Senate? Understanding Support for the Abolition of the Senate in Canada.” American Review of Canadian Studies, 53(2): 204-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2023.2204796.
Raney, T., and McGregor, M. (2023) Beyond the Ballot Box: Public Opinion on Legislative Responses to Sexual Harassment in Canadian Politics. Canadian Journal of Political Science https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423923000203
Stephenson, L.B., and Harell, A. (2023) Blame, Hope, or Gratitude? Voting Decisions during the Pandemic. Regional and Federal Studies. 33(4): 441-461. https://doi.org/10.1080/13597566.2023.2189241.
White, S. E. (2023). Immigrant voter turnout and time: Does period of arrival matter more than length of stay? International Migration, 61, 118–132. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13150
Armstrong, D. A., & Lucas, J. (2022). “The structure of municipal voting in Vancouver”. Journal of Urban Affairs, 46(7), 1412–1433. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352166.2022.2115377
Besco, R., and Matthews, J. S. (2022). Racial Spillover in Political Attitudes: Generalizing to a New Leader and Context. Political Behavior, 45(4): 1531-1551. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11109-022-09777-3.
Blais, A., Sevi, S., and Plescia, C. (2022). Are voters’ views about proportional outcomes shaped by partisan preferences? A survey experiment in the context of a real election. Political Science Research and Methods, 10(2), 445–451. https://doi.org/10.1017/psrm.2021.24.
Bodet, M. A., Bouchard, J., Thomas, M., & Tessier, C. (2022). “How much of Electoral Politics Is in the District? Measuring District Effects on Party Support.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 55(1): 150-170. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000842392100086X.
Camcastle, C. (2022). “Third-Party Rivalry and the Green Vote in the 2019 Federal Election.” Canadian Political Science Review, 16(1): 83-100. https://doi.org/10.24124/c677/20221875.
Cutler, F., Rivard, A., and Hodgson, A. (2022). Why Bother? Supporters of Locally Weaker Parties Are Less Likely to Vote or to Vote Sincerely. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 55(1), 208–225. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423921000755.
Garnett, H. A., and Leibel, E. (2022). Public Perceptions of Electoral Management in Canada. Journal of Election Administration Research and Practice, 1(1).
Guntermann, E., & Beauvais, E. (2022). “The Lesbian, Gay and Bisexual Vote in a more Tolerant Canada.” Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 55(2): 373-403. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423922000026.
Johnston, R., and Lachance, S. (2022). The predictable campaign: Theory and evidence. Electoral Studies, 75, 102432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102432
Kennedy, J., Sayers, A., and Alcantara, C. (2022). Does Federalism Prevent Democratic Accountability? Assigning Responsibility for Rates of COVID-19 Testing. Political Studies Review, 20(1), 158–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/14789299211001690.
Merkley, E. (2022). “Polarization eh? Ideological Divergence and Partisan Sorting in the Canadian Mass Public”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 86(4): 932-943. https://doi.org/10.1093/poq/nfac047.
Piscitelli, A., Perella, A., and Payler, A. (2022). Public Expectations of School Board Trustees. Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy, 198, 19–34. https://doi.org/10.7202/1086425ar.
Polacko*, M., Kiss, S., and Graefe, P. (2022). The Changing Nature of Class Voting in Canada, 1965–2019. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 55(3): 663-686. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423922000439.
Rekker, R. (2022). Young trendsetters: How young voters fuel electoral volatility. Electoral Studies, 75, 102425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electstud.2021.102425
Rivard, A., and Lockhart, M. (2022). Government Preferences, Vote Choice and Strategic Voting in Canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 55(3), 721-733. https://doi.org/10.1017/S000842392200052X.
Scott, C. [Module winner publication] (2022). Supporting the Right to Wear Religious Symbols: The Importance of Perceived Commitment to the Nation. Politics and Religion 16(1): 90-109. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1755048322000141.
Sevi, S., and Blais, A. (2022). Does Voting in One Election Reduce the Expected Cost of Voting in Subsequent Elections? Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique. 55(2): 486-495. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423922000063.
Bergeron, T., and Galipeau, T. (2021). The Political Implications of Personality in Canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 54(2): 292-315. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423921000251.
Bouchard*, J. (2021). “I think Canadians look like all sorts of people”: Ethnicity, political leadership, and the case of Jagmeet Singh. The Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Politics, 7(2): 316-347. https://doi.org/10.1017/rep.2020.51.
Erl, C. (2021). The People and The Nation: The “Thick” and the “Thin” of Right-Wing Populism in Canada. Social Science Quarterly, 102(1), 107–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/ssqu.12889.
Johnson, A., Tolley, E., Thomas, M., and Bodet, M. A. (2021). A New Dataset on the Demographics of Canadian Federal Election Candidates. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 54(3), 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423921000391.
Lucas, J., and Armstrong, D. A. (2021). Policy Ideology and Local Ideological Representation in Canada. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 54(4), 959–976. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423921000652.
McMahon, N., Sayers, A., and Alcantara, C. (2021). Political donations and the gender gap during COVID-19. Party Politics, 29(1): 176-184. https://doi.org/10.1177/13540688211047768.
Obermeier, N. (2021). COVID-19, economic anxiety, and support for international economic integration. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties, 31(sup1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2021.1924753.
Pruysers, S. (2021). “A Psychological Predisposition Towards Populism? Evidence from Canada.” Contemporary Politics, 27(1): 105-124. https://doi.org/10.1080/13569775.2020.1851930.
Stephenson, L. B., Harell, A., Rubenson, D., and Loewen, P. J. (2021). Measuring Preferences and Behaviours in the 2019 Canadian Election Study. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 54(1), 118–124. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423920001006.
Clarke, H. D., and Pammett, J. H. (2020). Environmental Issues in Recent British and Canadian Elections. Canadian Journal of European and Russian Studies, 14(2), 102–128. https://doi.org/10.22215/cjers.v14i2.2764.
French-Bourgeois*, L., Harell, A., and Stephenson, L. B. (2020). To Follow or Not to Follow: Social Norms and Civic Duty during a Pandemic. Canadian Journal of Political Science/Revue canadienne de science politique, 53(2), 273–278. (open access) https://doi.org/10.1017/S0008423920000554.
Kennedy, J., Anderson, C. D., and Stephenson, L. B. (2020). The Canada-US Relationship: An Updated Evaluation of Public Opinion. American Review of Canadian Studies, 50(1), 9–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/02722011.2020.1748924.